Introduction: Advanced Linear Devices, Inc. (ALD) has developed and manufactured ultra-low power, high-precision CMOS analog integrated circuits, related board level products, energy harvesting modules, and accessories with its unique EPAD technology. ALD's standard semiconductor products include a complete set of "carefully crafted" ultra-low charge injection low-voltage analog switches, dual ramp A/D converters and digital processors, precision voltage comparators, precision rail to rail CMOS operational amplifiers, and low drift CMOS timers with high discharge outputs, as well as a wide range of enhanced, loss, and zero threshold mode EPAD options that match small signal MOSFET arrays.